Everything about The Italo-norman totally explained
The
Italo-Normans, or
Siculo-Normans when referring to
Sicily, were the
Italian-born descendants of the first
Norman conquerors to travel to the
Mezzogiorno in the first half of the eleventh century. While maintaining much of their distinctly
Norman piety and customs of war, they were shaped by the diversity of southern Italy, by the cultures and customs of the
Greeks,
Lombards, and
Arabs.
Normans first arrived in Italy as pilgrims probably either on their way or returning from
Jerusalem or visiting the shrine at
Monte Gargano in the late tenth and early eleventh century. In 1017, the Lombard lords in
Apulia recruited their assistance against the dwindling power of the Byzantine
Catapanate of Italy. They soon established vassal states of their own and began to expand their conquests until they were encroaching on the Lombard
principalities of Benevento and
Capua, Saracen controlled territories, and territory under
papal allegiance, as well as Greek. They began the conquest of Sicily in
1061 and it was complete by
1091.
Italo-Normans were the primary Norman mercenaries in the employ of the
Byzantine emperors and the
Armenians. Many found service in
Rome, under the pope, and some went to
Spain to join the
Reconquista. In
1096, the Normans of
Bohemond of Taranto joined the
First Crusade. These Italians set up the
principality of Antioch in the
Levant. The entire Mediterranean world was touched by the unique Italo-Norman civilisation. In
1130, under
Roger II, they created a lasting polity like
William the Conqueror's in
England: the
Kingdom of Sicily, encompassing the whole of their conquests in the peninsula and the island.
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